1	The Hundred Years War
2	"First of all this war" First of all this war… lasted 116 years, not 100 years could be considered four wars
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4	England and France in 1337 England population: 5-7 million threatened by Scotland to the north France population: 12-20 million Medieval France was divided into numerous provinces, many of which were not under the control of the French king.
5	Events Leading to the Hundred Years War 1066 – Norman conquest of England, orienting England toward France 1154-89 – reign of Henry II of England height of the Angevin empire during which Henry controlled lands from Scotland across the English Channel to the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain Henry II controlled the French lands of Anjou, Acquitaine, Gascony, and Normandy, not to mention Ireland. 1259 – Treaty of Paris acknowledging the loss of most of the Angevin empire 1337 – outbreak of the war Philip VI of France confiscated English lands in France, namely Gascony Edward III of England declared himself king of France
6	A Foundation of the Hundred Years War: English possessions in France in 1154
7	France in the Hundred Years War
8	Different Ways of Looking at the Hundred Years War feudal struggle between French kings and their vassals, the English kings national struggle between England and France civil war within France a confrontation between feudal warfare, as personified in the French man-at-arms, or knight early modern warfare, as personified in the English longbowman
9	Related and Imbedded Events 1347-51 – Black Death in Europe 1381 Peasants’ Revolt in England 1378-1417 – Great Schism between rival popes of Rome and Avignon 1407-35 – interlocking civil wars within France, among the rulers of France Burgundy Orleans
10	Select Warriors of the Hundred Years War English longbowmen professional archers used effectively in defending against French attacks in the Battles of Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt precursor of the modern rifle-armed infantryman French men-at-arms more commonly referred to as knights vulnerable to the longbowmen’s arrows
11	A Family Affair: Lines of Succession to the English and French thrones at the Beginning of the Hundred Years War
12	Wars of the Hundred Years War war between Edward III and Philip V Charles V’s war of reclamation, 1369-89 English war of conquest, 1422-28 French war of reconquest, 1429-53
13	Select Battles Sluys(24 June 1340) Crecy(26 August 1346) Poitiers(19 September 1356) Agincourt(25 October 1415) siege of Orleans(October 1428 – May 1429)
14	The War Between Edward III of England and Philip VI of France cause: struggle between the two over the French Crown control of Gascony key events naval battle of Sluys(24 June 1340) Battle of Crecy(26 August 1346) Battle of Poitiers(19 September 1356) 1360 Treaty of Bretigny
15	Battle of Sluys date – 24 June 1340 opposing forces England – 120-160 ships France – 213 ships location victor – England impact ended the threat of a French invasion of England demonstrated the effectiveness of the longbow
16	Battle of Crecy date: 26 August 1346 outcome: English victory aftermath – English capture of Calais repercussions devastation of the French army demonstration of the effectiveness of archers over mounted knights in armor
17	Battle of Poitiers circumstances – French effort to capture an English raiding force in France date – 19 September 1356 opposing forces England – 6000 France – up to 35,000 outcome – English victory English losses – minimal French losses 2500 killed or wounded 2000 captured, including the French king aftermath – France in disarray
18	Charles V’s War of Reclamation, 1369-89 During this second war of the Hundred Years War France regained most of the lands previously lost to England. key events 1369 – Charles V’s confiscation of Aquitaine 1377 – death of Edward III and ascent of Richard II in England 1380 – death of Charles V and ascent of Charles VI in France
19	France in 1360 and 1390
20	War against Civilians chevauchees raids conducted across the French countryside by English soldiers and their allies designed to… damage the French economy weaken French morale discredit the French government contributed to the development of French national feeling against the English invaders routiers unemployed soldiers who banded together to pillage the French countryside Most were from England or Gascony. Their pillaging also contributed to the development of French national feeling against the English invaders.
21	English War of Conquest, 1412-28 defined by Henry V’s goal to conquer France key events reign of Henry V as king of England, 1413-22 1415 – Henry V’s invasion of France Battle of Agincourt English conquest of Normandy, 1417-19 English alliance with Burgundy, 1419-35 1420 Treaty of Troyes death of Henry V in March 1422; England ruled by Henry’s brother John from 1422 until his death in 1435 1424 English victory at Verneuil, which opened the way for the 1425-28 English conquest of Maine initiation of the English siege of Orleans in October 1428; siege raised in May 1429
22	King Henry V of England 1387-1422; reigned 1413-22 sought to become king of France recognized as heir to the French throne and the regent of France in the 1420 Treaty of Troyes immortalized in Shakespeare’s play
23	Battle of Agincourt circumstances – French forces caught the withdrawing army of Henry V in the attempt to reach the coast. date: 25 October 1415 opposing forces England – 5700 men France – 25,000 outcome – English victory significance – another demonstration of the effectiveness of the English longbowmen
24	Treaty of Troyes reflection of… English success in Henry’s war of conquest the division of France paved the way for Henry V’s conquest of France select provisions Henry V recognized as heir to the French throne regent of France
25	France in 1420
26	French War of Reconquest, 1429-53 This war was marked by the expulsion of the English from most of their holdings in France key events failed English siege of Orleans, 1428-29 Henry VI of England crowned king of France, 1431 1435 Treaty of Arras 1444-48 Truce of Tours 1451 French conquest of Gascony Battle of Castillon, 17 July 1453
27	Siege of Orleans part of English effort to conquer France typical of sieges of the Hundred Years War contributed to the crystallization of a unified French nation under the centralized control of the French king
28	Jeanne D’Arc (c. 1412-31) As an adolescent she became convinced that it was her mission to save France. She played a key role in the lifting of the English siege of Orleans in May 1429. She convinced Charles VII to be crowned king of France on 17 July 1429. Captured in 1430 and turned over to the English she was burned at the stake as a heretic on 30 May 1431.
29	France in 1429 and 1450
30	Vestiges of the English dream of controlling France Calais remained under English control until 1558 English monarch formally referred to as the king/queen of France until the 1801 Treaty of Amiens
31	Impact of the Hundred Years War estimated English and French battlefield casualties – 185,250 further development of the modern French nation, as manifest in the creation of a permanent French army under the control of the French king the establishment of a national system of taxation the crystallization of the ideas that the French people had to unite across provincial lines to defend their nation France would be led by the French king to whom the French people would be loyal first and foremost end of the English trans-Channel empire
32	Further Reading Christopher Allmand. The Hundred Years’ War: England and France at War, c. 1300-1450. 1988. Anne Curry. The Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453. 2002. Jean Froissart (c. 1337- c. 1405). Chroniques. Edouard Perroy. The Hundred Years War. 1945. English edition translated by W. B. Wells, 1965. Desmond Seward. The Hundred Years War: The English in France 1337-1453. 1978.