1	Northern Women in the Civil War
2	Cult of Domesticity
3	Notable Northern Women in the Civil War - Nurses Clara Barton organized nursing efforts for the Union Army during the war founded the Red Cross in 1881 Dorothea Dix nurse organized medical care for Northern soldiers advocate for the mentally ill
4	Notable Northern Women in the Civil War - Writers Louisa May Alcott volunteer for the Union Army author Hospital Letters Little Women Julia Ward Howe abolitionist, suffragette, peace activist wrote “Battle Hymn of the Republic”
5	Contributions of Northern Women to the Restoration of the Union performing the work of absent men at home working as nurses for the Union Army helping ex-slaves make the transition to freedom organizing and contributing to volunteer relief efforts for soldiers in the Union Army
6	Transcending the Bounds of Gender: Sarah Emma Edmonds/Frank Thompson ran away from home to escape an arranged marriage assumed a male alias in her flight enlisted in the 2^nd Michigan Infantry Regiment served, July 1861-April 1863 deserted in April 1863 to avoid hospitalization for malaria served in the U.S. Christian Commission for the rest of the war published embellished memoirs in 1865 received pension, 1884-98 only female member of the Grand Army of the Republic
7	Cleaning Up Other People’s Messes Elizabeth Thorn(1832-1907) emigrated from Germany w/ her husband Peter Thorn worked to bury soldiers from the Battle of Gettysburg memorialized in the Gettysburg Civil War Women’s Memorial
8	Impact of the Civil War on Northern Women new opportunities in... nursing jobs teaching social work relief efforts new considerations of the value of their unpaid domestic labor pensions suffrage unrealized
9	Suggestions for Further Reading Divided Houses: Gender and the Civil War. Edited by Catherine Clinton and Nina Silber. Oxford University Press. 1992. Amy E. Holmes. “’Such Is the Price We Pay’: American Widows and the Civil War Pension System” in Toward A Social History of the Civil War: Exploratory Essays. Edited by Maris A. Vinovskis. Cambridge University Press, 1990. Reid Mitchell. The Vacant Chair: The Northern Soldier Leaves Home. Oxford University Press, 1993. Nina Silber. Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War. Harvard University Press, 2005.