English reasons for establishing North American colonies

• economic
  • *indentured servitude
  • land
• escaping religious persecution

Select Crucibles of British North America

• Chesapeake Bay
• Massachusetts and Plymouth Bays
• Hudson River
• Delaware and Schuykill Rivers
• Lower South
  • Carolina
  • Georgia(1732)
• Florida
• St. Lawrence River

Chesapeake Bay colonies

• Virginia(1607)
  • first of the Thirteen Colonies
  • founded by the Virginia Company of London - a joint-stock company
  • key individuals
    • *John Smith
    • *Pocahontas
  • key settlements
    • *Jamestown
      • first settlement in Virginia
      • initially a failure - 66 of the first 104 settlers died the first year
• Maryland(1634)
  • initially a refuge for Catholics
  • established by the Calverts
• tobacco
  • key to Virginia's early economic development and success
  • first crop shipped to England in 1614
  • 50,000 lbs exported to England in 1618

• Carolina
• First settlers came during the 1670s.
• Most came from Barbados .

New England colonies

• Church of England/Anglican Church
  • est. by Henry VIII
  • national church of England
  • product of the Protestant Reformation
  • similar to the Roman Catholic Church
• *Plymouth Bay Colony(1620)
  • *Pilgrims
    • separatists from the Anglican Church
    • *Mayflower Compact
    • *William Bradford
  • Tisquantum
• *Massachusetts Bay Colony(1630)
  • *Puritans
    • sought to reform the Anglican Church
    • *Great Migration
    • *John Winthrop
• *Anne Hutchinson

• Rhode Island
  • *Roger Williams
  • embraced religious toleration
• *Pequot War(1636-37)
• Massachusetts(1691)

Middle Atlantic Colonies

*New Netherland

• main axis - Hudson River
• *Henry Hudson
• main settlements
  • New Amsterdam(1624)
  • Fort Orange
• English conquest(1664)
  • part of three Anglo-Dutch naval wars, 1652-74
  • renamed New York after the Duke of York

*New Sweden(1638)

• present-day Philadelphia
• junction of Schuykill and Delaware Rivers
• conquered by the Dutch in 1655

Pennsylvania(1681)

• proprietary colony est. by William Penn
• Quakers/Society of Friends

French colonies

New France

• main axis - St. Lawrence River
• economic foundation - fur trade
• main settlements
  • Quebec(1608)
  • Montreal(1642)
• key individuals
  • Samuel de Champlain

Louisiana

• main axis - Mississippi River
  • Robert de La Salle
• coureurs de bois - "runners of the woods"