Cleveland State Basketball has more than a 30-year history. Since 1968, Cleveland State has been represented by over four hundred young men who have worn the Cougar uniform. The program has seen a significant amount of success, with many student athletes using Cleveland State as a vehicle to further their education and continue participation in athletics. Many continue their athletic and academic careers by transferring to four-year schools.

Highlights in the history of Cleveland State Basketball include Division Championships in 1985 and 1998, a State Championship in 1971, and a Region VII Championship and NJCAA tournament bid in 1989.

Cleveland State is a member of the National Junior College Athletic Association and the Tennessee Junior Community College Athletic Association.